Thursday, December 26, 2019

Genocide in Chile - 1535 Words

ChileFrom 1973 - 1977, there was genocide in Chile. The targets were people who believed in the communist government system. The start of it all began on September 11th, 1973 when Chilean commander in chief, Augusto Pinochet Ugarte commanded the Chilean army and police force to overthrow the current president Salvador Allende. The main reason for the overthrow was because of Allendes economic plan. With it, inflation was rising 1% every day. The only reason the coup was successful at overthrowing the government was because America backed them. With Pinochet in power, his army removed everyone who they deemed the remotest rick to his new military junta. He is accused of devising the worst concentration camp regime since Hitlers grand†¦show more content†¦Those numbers show that this time period was genocide. People were disappearing, being tortured and killed just because they believed in a different type of political system. An estimated 30,000 Chileans survived imprisonment and severe torture by agents of Pinochets secret police-electric shock, beatings, near-drowning, and rape in secret detention facilities. During his seventeen-year rule Chile became a pariah state, internationally condemned for ongoing, systematic violations of human rights. Pinochet played a leadership role in initiating and overseeing many of these atrocities. One month after the coup, he authorized a death squad, led by his close associate General Sergio Arellano, to expedite justice. Using a Puma helicopter, a five-member military team led by General Arellano flew to various northern cities and, at each stop, selected prisoners and shot or bayoneted them in the middle of the night. Over a period of four days, sixty-eight civilians were killed, having committed no crime other than serving in local community leadership roles under the elected Allende government. This series of atrocities became known as the Caravan of Death. All of this killing was mostly the work of the armys Di reccià ³n de Inteligencia Nacional (DINA). The DINA also killed someone here in the Unites States. In September 1976, the DINA assassinatedShow MoreRelatedPost-Transitional Justice in Chile and El Salvador: A Comparison1671 Words   |  7 PagesEspecially in Chile and El Salvador, where human rights abuses were rampant during Pinochet’s dictatorship and the Salvadoran civil war. The region is still dealing with the legacy of terror from its authoritarian past. Cath Collins, a professor and researcher in the School of Political Science at the University of Diego Portales in Santiago, Chile, runs a project mapping recent human rights trials in Chile. A recent book by Collins, Post-Transitional Justice: Human Rights Trials in Chile and El SalvadorRead MoreA Comparison of Two Newspapers1220 Words   |  5 Pagesbroadsheet and a tabloid about Jack Straw’s decision to extradite Pinochet. The background situation to General Augusto Pinochets extradition is that he killed and tortured thousand of people during his rule in Chile. Pinochet was the military leader of Chile. He ruled the country ruthlessly, crushing all his oppositions. In 1998 Pinochet came to Britain to have a back operation in Harley Street. Many people were outraged by his visit, including many Chileans who lost theirRead MoreThe Fog Of War : Twelve Lessons From The Life Of Robert S. Mcnamara And The Trial Of Henry Kissinger Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesHis abuse power not only furthers his political career, but his allies. He gave Indonesia permission to annex Timor, which let to the genocide of Timorese people. Kissinger is also responsible plotting and executing a military coup the democratically elected president of Chile. This was solely done to protect huge U.S corporations that would have suffered if Chile nationalizes their own copper reserve. After all his warmongering and overall violations to human rights, he is awarded a Nobel PeaceRead MoreTheme Of Justice In Death And The Maiden1418 Words   |  6 Pagesaccuse him of is of stopping on the road to help someone†6 denoting his position in the definition of justice where jury, judges and witnesses are present. Gerardo knows that even if Dr. Miranda is Paulina’s rapist and â€Å"...even if [he] committed genocide on a daily basis, he has the right 2 Student number : XYZ123 Student number : XYZ123 to defend himself†7 without being maltreated by her. Gerardo perceives Paulina as a vigilante as she â€Å"Ignore[s] evidence and ... not give the accused any chanceRead MoreChilean Human Rights Violations Had An Undoubted International Significance800 Words   |  4 Pagessuffices to recall that the House of Lords Committee finally decided that Pinochet had no criminal immunity and that his extradition was possible . Nonetheless, a political decision based on humanitarian grounds freed Pinochet, who returned to Chile when some legal proceedings had already initiated to investigate human rights violations occurred during both the coup and Pinochet’s mandate, and he was finally put into trial. Once again, external pressures were significant factors when promotingRead MoreNationalism vs Patriotism858 Words   |  4 Pagesthe near east. In the U. S. it was first implemented as policy in 1810 with the Monroe Doctrine, which lay claim to the whole western hemisphere as b eing under American influence. In both countries these policies continue unabated till this day. Chile, Nicaragua, Grenada, Panama, and Cuba for the U.S. and Chechnya and Afghanistan for the Russians are all recent examples of hemispheric control exerted by both nations. Of course with the collapse of communism the influence of Russia has waned andRead MoreTerrorism, State Terror And Terrorism Essay2005 Words   |  9 Pagesapogee of state terror: genocide which generally utilizes and encompasses all other forms. References to genocide in world history can be found across regional and cultural divides. However, it is difficult to trace its point of origin because accounts of these events are ambiguous and unreliable. The earliest accounts of genocide can be found in some of the world’s oldest literary works such as The Illiad and The Bible. However, a concise definition or understanding of genocide did occur until the aftermathRead MoreThe Language Is Forever Forgotten1165 Words   |  5 Pagesgoes extinc t and the multiple problems this will cause, now and in the future. To understand the problems of the â€Å"death† of a language we need to understand why they are going extinct in the first place. One reason for large extinction is death or genocide. A brought up example of this can be found in the book Vanishing Voices, written by a journalist and a linguistic professor. In 1993 in El Salvador, after the lower class starts to fight the government any person who looked like an Indian or wasRead MoreEssay on Christopher Columbus: Villain or Hero?1521 Words   |  7 Pageslook like a juvenile delinquent (quote from a Native American demonstrator [M. E. Marty]). As wagon wheels churned dustily west, Columbus was a heroic, progressive Discoverer. In todays sullen postcolonial world he is Euro-Plague, spreading the genocide and ecocide that ruined a pristine Eden (William Howarth). Columbus stands accused for much of the tragic and horrible event that plagued the native Americans in the years and even centuries that followed his coming. [Based] on statistical analysesRead MoreDirected by Dennis ORourke, the Film, Cannibal Tours, is about Primitive Tribespeople in Papau, New Guinea585 Words   |  2 PagesContext: Throughout the film, there are a lot of references and short voiceovers or clips of things that are related to the implementation of postmodernity. I believe it’s trying to symbolize the attempt society makes to suppress bad memories of genocides on which modernity was built. Hence, the ambition behind this postmodernity is to try and stop history. But, it is not possible to repress the past without denying the future. Therefore, the neglect continues throughout the film. Political Context:

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Cancer Is A Serious And Ever Growing Disease Essay

Cancer is a serious and ever growing disease throughout the United States and across the globe. According to data from the National Cancer Institute (2016), about 39.6% of men and women will receive a cancer diagnosis within their lifetime. Due to advancements in screening and treatment, more people are now living with cancer longer than ever before. In 2014, there were close to 14.5 million people living with a cancer diagnosis and this number is going to rise nearly 5 million over the following 10 years (NCI, 2016). The 5-year survival rate for all cancers is also quite high at 68%. Despite the hopeful fact that survival rates are increasing, the incidence rate is also growing, meaning more people are being diagnosed with cancer (Von Roenn et al., 2013). Due to this increased in the incidence and prevalence of cancer, symptom burden has increased as a result of people undergoing aggressive treatments and surviving longer after treatment. This high symptom burden has been associated with negative outcomes such as greater suffering and poor quality of life (Carr et al., 2002). Patients also experience distress as a result of their symptoms, as well as other factors such as burden on family, cost of treatment, and effectiveness of treatment (Kelley and Meier, 2010). This range of suffering even occurs regardless of the cancer prognosis (Von Roenn et al., 2013). The evidence is clear that patients are suffering in a range of domains such as physical, mental, andShow MoreRelatedGum Cancer Essay874 Words   |  4 PagesOlder Women with Gum Disease at Higher Risk for Cancer INTRODUCTION: Staying healthy as we age can be a real challenge, especially for the physical changes that happen in postmenopausal women. A new report has been released about the health information of older American women, and if those who had ever had a history of gum disease were at a higher risk for getting cancer than those without a history of gum disease. WHO WERE INCLUDED IN THE STUDY A large number of postmenopausal, older AmericanRead MoreGastric Cancer In China877 Words   |  4 PagesCancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract is one of the most common causes of death in many East Asian countries. The first article analyzes screening efficacy for cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract via endoscopic examination in both high-risk and non-high-risk regions in China. Being the first ever randomized controlled study for screening of upper gastrointestinal cancer in China, this study aims to promote screening strategies to help reduce cancer rates. The purpose for this study isRead MoreEssay on Brain Cancer996 Words   |  4 PagesAll of the data obtained through research on cancer shows that this disease is caused by a rapidly dividing cell, with no regulators to stop it from dividing. As the cell makes more and more copies of itself, it grows to form a tumor. This is known as cancer. When a tumor is developed on the brain, it is called a brain tumor or brain cancer. Brain tumors can be malignant or benign, both being dangerous when it comes to the brain. When a brain cancer is malignant, it could potentially invade andRead MoreObesity And The United States1265 Words   |  6 Pages Obesity in the United States has been a serious problem affecting Americans and has been continually growing higher in numbers each year. American obesity has nearly doubled within the last 40 years and is now considered to be an epidemic that is affecting millions of people around the nation. According to the National institute of Diabetes and digestive and kidney Diseases, 31% of men and 35% of women are considered seriously overweight, along with 15% of children between the ages of six and nineteenRead MoreStem Cell Research Should Be Continued For Many Reasons1303 Words   |  6 PagesStem cell research should be continued for many reasons. Stem cell research can help save tissues, organs, and brain cells, it also helps to cure diseases. Looking at the big picture, stem cells could one day save our lives. Stem Cells are multi- cellular putty from which all tissues of the body are made.they have three general properties,. Those being that they are capable of dividing and renewing themselves for long periods of time, they are unspecialized, and they give a rise to unspecializedRead MoreHumane Essay : Patient Assisted Suicide Is Humane1362 Words   |  6 Pagespeople are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. The further along their disease progresses, the more they suffer both physically and mentally. The humane thing to do is to allow these people to choose whether or not to end their lives before this painful and inevitable conclusion is reached. Over 30,000 people are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer each year (Pancreatic Cancer 1). The pancreas is a small gland located near the stomach. Treatments for this type of cancer is very limited because it is oftenRead MoreA Research Study On Animal Protein Essay1414 Words   |  6 Pagesconsumption of animal products and chronic illnesses such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and bowel cancer. His research has been able to debunk the myth that animal protein is in fact healthy. His research shows animal protein to be a potent carcinogen or cancer-causing agent. Dr. Campbell hypothesizes that we have only one disease process but many different expressions of that disease, depending on our individual genetic backgrounds. Albert Einstein once madeRead MoreShould Smoking Be Banned?1326 Words   |  6 Pageslong run. We have known that smoking can kill us from past 50-60 years, and according to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are an estimated 1.3 billion smokers worldwide. This number is expected to increase to 1.7 billion by 2020. Have you ever smelled that foul scent? If you have it must be annoying, and the surprising fact is it kills you very slowly inside. Every time you smell that dirty scent, you are inhaling thousands of chemicals. Some may argue that banning smoking will create aRead MoreEssay on Engineering Developments 987 Words   |  4 Pagessuch technique that engineering research has had such an impact on is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The most important diagnose provided from MRIs is the diagnose of diseased tissues (i.e. cancerous tissues). This is significant because cancer is a growing concern in the world today due to its increasing death toll. However, MRIs wer en’t always this successful in diagnosing. It was due to advancements in engineering research that allowed the success of MRIs today. Due to engineering advancementsRead MoreThe Effects Of Human Overpopulation On The Environment1242 Words   |  5 Pagesfarmland would only be one very thin slice. The growing population on this Earth has some serious questions that it needs to consider as a whole. How are we all going to eat with eight billion mouths to eat? Farmers have an interesting proposition, they need to feed a growing population with very little land. Overpopulation also has negative effects on the earth through pollution. Their bodily waste has minimal places to go, and garbage is an ever increasing debate as it goes in landfills, the ocean

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Media Problems with Election Night 2000 free essay sample

Discusses the different ways that the media blundered their early call of Al Gore as the winner of the 2000 Presidential Election. This paper explains what went wrong on Election Night, in particular the problems with VNS and with Ellis? involvement in Foxs (2:15 a.m.) call. The author also covers how U.S. newspapers called the election in their November 8th editions. Chip Minemyer, associate editor of the Centre Daily Times will then give his input on the problems of election night. Finally, the author provides conclusions based on the facts he has gathered on this case. Almost everyone in the United States and throughout the world remembers how close and controversial George W. Bushs victory against Al Gore was in the 2000 U.S. presidential election. Many people know that the five major U.S. television networks (ABC, NBC, CBS, CNN, and Fox) twice wrongly declared the winner of the pivotal state of Florida, the Associated Press first declared Gore the winner, and that many U. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Problems with Election Night 2000 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page S. newspapers said Bush was the winner in one of their November 8th editions. The networks crowned each respective candidate as the victor first between 7:49 and 8 p.m. ET for Gore and then just after 2:16 a.m. for Bush only to see their declarations of victory change, in Gores case to undecided call and then to a Bush victory, and in Bushs case to see victory projections change to an undecided status. What many people do not know about the miscalls are the crucial roles the Voter News Service (VNS), a consortium funded by the five major news networks and the Associated Press, and John Ellis, George W. Bushs first cousin and a member of the Fox News team of people responsible for calling the winner, had in the erroneous projections on election night. (Mnookin 94 95 and Associated Press, Fox Exec.)

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

TDA Essay Example

TDA Essay Describe the policies that you would take if you noticed that a child was ill in your setting. All staff within the nursery need to be aware of different signs and symptoms when dealing with Illnesses within children. When children are ill then may become upset or restless and therefore would need to be shown care and comfort Just by sitting with them and talking to them to keep them occupied or even give them a comforting toy to make them feel less distressed until a senior member of staff decides on what to do in this situation. A senior member of staff or the manager would be informed of every illness and incident. Every case with an ill or injured child will need to be recorded in full detail which would include; The name of the child The time and date of the illness What the illness or injury was Any treatment given The names of the members of staff involved and reported to A signature of who witnessed the illness or Injury This would be done so that the parents of the child can be fully knowledgeable about the Incident and so they can be aware In case the child becomes worse. We will write a custom essay sample on TDA specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on TDA specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on TDA specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer At our setting we require the parents to sign the recorded form to show that they knew and understood what had happened. If the child is seriously ill or injured then the parent loud be contacted immediately and this would be decided by a senior member of staff however, if the child needed urgent treatment or needed to be taken in an ambulance to the hospital then the parents would need to give full permission first. At our setting we do have some children who need to be given certain medication in particular circumstances such as children with asthma and children with allergies who may need a potentially lifesaving injection. These medications would be prescribed by a doctor then the parents would give written consent for the staff at our setting to give the children the recommended medication. For every child a form would Include their name, birth date, what type of medication Is to be given, how much and at what time and each parent would need to sign and date the form. For the children who have allergies or asthma they would need their medication to be permanently at the setting so that the child is able to receive it at all times. Their medication is kept in a storage box with their name on that is kept out of reach of other children however is always in the room that the child is in. If we have a situation at our setting in which the staff have to deal with bodily fluids we have to cake sure first of all that we remove the ill child from the location and make sure that no other children can access the said area. Then the member of staff that is to clean must initially make sure they put on an apron and clear disposable gloves. To remove the excess paper towels are provided and then put Into a bin bag. We then have a specific colored mop for different areas that the member of staff would use to clean the wet area, using disinfectant and then would use clean paper towels to dry the area. After this the apron and gloves that the member of staff was using would go into the bin bag too. This bin bag would be taken to the outside waste area wash their hands and arms carefully and precisely with hand soap. When may a child need urgent medical attention? Consider your own role and responsibilities and outline what you would do if a child needed urgent medical attention whilst in your care. Some children may show some signs or symptoms that can be very serious and may require urgent medical attention. It is our Job to notice any of the signs and symptoms in the children and respond immediately. Some may include; Seizures Choking In and out of consciousness Cardiac arrest Convulsions (Fits) Dehydration, Severe vomiting and diarrhea Meningitis symptoms Wounds or cuts that are severely bleeding Cries uncontrollably and seems to be in pain Asthma attack which the inhaler does not react to Swallowing dangerous objects Difficulty breathing Head injury with other symptoms such as headache, vomiting or vision problems. There can be many more serious signs and symptoms that would need urgent medical attention. If I were to notice any of these in the children I would need to immediately find another member of staff as quickly as possible and do exactly as they ask me to. This could be to phone for other member of staff, bring the first aid kit or even make the area safe around the child and keep the other children occupied and away from the area. I am currently not first aid trained so I wouldnt be able to follow up any first aid on the child however when I am first aid trained, if there is no other members of staff around at the time I would have to follow my first aid training on the child when necessary and would also need to shout for assistance from another member of staff. Show the actions that you would take in your setting in the event of a fire. Each part of the setting has its own designated route to exit the building at the closest exit door. Our main exit in my building is through the main door over the cobbled area and through a big double gate that leads on to the drive way at the front of the building. We then go through another small gate and to the church that is opposite where we gather the children. The senior member of staff would count the children as they were exiting the building and then count them again as they were gathered know how many children we would have at that time. The register would be taken ever to the church with us so that we could count the children and know which children were with us. If we could not get through the front door because the fire was in the area of our exit route, we would take the children through the back door, through the soft play area, over the grass, through a side gate and then through the small gate to the church. Each part of the building has other routes that they can take to exit the building. With the babies we have an evacuation cot at the front door which the staff members put the babies in and carry them across to make it easier and safer than the staff carrying Just one baby across. Show the procedures that you follow to maintain the security of your setting. To stop strangers from getting into our building without staff realizing we have specific key codes on the main gate, main front door and back kitchen door that is only given to the parents of the children. If there is somebody else picking up the child other than the parent then they would have to be given a secure password from the parents, which they would provide when they arrive at the front door and ring the buzzer and they would need to know the name and date of birth of the child and the parents would information the ember of staff caring for the child about the person including the name and what the person looks like. However, only the owner or manager can allow this person into the building. To stop the children getting out of the building we have baby gates and locked gates with hooks and locks so that they cant get out of the rooms and all other main door have handles that are high out of babies reach and locks higher up also. On the back door of the building that I work in we have a key lock which is locked at all times whilst the children are indoors and on the front door we have a door bell for he parent to ring when they come to collect their children. The key is kept on a high up shelf out of the childrens reach. We also have locks on all windows however most windows are out of reach of children. Describe the policy and procedures that you would follow in your setting if there was a missing child. If any children are thought to be missing on the premises we have to follow our policy and procedures for missing children which would start with the staff checking the register to make sure the child has not already gone home and is signed out or to see if the child is opposed to be in. They would also have to check to make sure no other child is missing. The manager is to be alerted and they would carry out a search and a thorough check of the building and garden. They would check all doors and gates for any breach of security whereby the child could have perhaps wandered out from. If after 5 minutes the child still has not been found then the parents of the child would be contacted and informed along with the police. The manager would then talk to the staff to find out where and when the child went missing and was last seen and this would be recorded.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Benefits of Chinese Economic Development Essay Example

Benefits of Chinese Economic Development Essay Example Benefits of Chinese Economic Development Essay Benefits of Chinese Economic Development Essay Introduction It was during the eve of 10th November 2001 when China opened its door to Economic reform. The policy was enacted by the worlds most prominent leaders-Deng Xiaoping, because China was allowed to join the World Trade Organization in Doha, during the 4th Ministerial meeting after hard talks that took about 15 years to be accepted. The Chinese official doctrine had been dominant since the occurrence of the strategic change in 1978, and it had become one of the political reform. Revitalizing and loosening the grip of the communist and the foreign policy invited cooperation and interaction with the outside world. The decision to open up and encourage reforms has on many occasions been cited by the Chinese authorities to be the primary force behind its overall growth since 1978. The policy assisted China to be one of the countries that managed to become a world power within a short time. China also had to take a new role in defining its responsibilities as a state that was persuasive both at the international and regional levels. However, the open door and reform policy have brought about problems that are elemental and have the cultural impact, income parity areas as well as influencing China to embrace Capitalism instead of Socialism. Therefore, this article will focus on the benefits of the Chinese development recorded in its economy and the drawbacks as well. Technology Improved technology and infrastructure have been brought about by growth in the Chinese economic. As a result of economic growth, the amount of money spent on; gas, electricity, communication, water supply and various technologies has also gone up. According to Canning and Pedroni (1999), there is a substantial evidence of the GDP influence on the societys stock and infrastructure. The growth is also attributed to have a positive impact on the standard of living of the general population leading to the rise in the economic growth. There have also been improvements in the health of the general population due to improvements in standards of living now that the basic needs such as shelter, clothing, and food are available to the people. Frank (2004), noted that the mortality rate, as well as child malnourishment, was low because of a reduction in poverty levels thus improving life expectancy. Rivera and Currais (1999), on the other hand, have also confirmed the relationship between heal th and economic growth. It only demonstrates a high association between the health status and the increase in income because all these factors point in the same direction. In low-income countries, there is the likeness of getting more mortality healthy rate compared to the developed countries. Since China has a real economic growth, its health status is good, therefore, improved the standards of living. It because of the access to high incomes. Both individuals, as well as governments, can use more money on health in regards to; infrastructure and health facilities, sanitation and nutrition, innovations in technology, medical and research while trying to ensure life is improved. Whenever this happens, a direct impact is felt at the national level leading to development. In case, the existing healthcare system is weak; a lot could as well be called upon to remedy the situation. On the other hand, the state of healthcare is measured by the level of income and tends to increase faster only illustrating how this is likely to impact on the economic growth of a nation. Due to advancement in technology in China, it has become easier for the health sector to conduct research on the most life-threating diseases. Education Among the leading sectors include the education sector. Emphasis focuses much on ensuring quality education mainly due to an improvement in the economic growth in the Chinese economy. The connection that exists between economic education and economic development is thus real. The level of economic growth influences education because when the level of income is high, the number of people seeking education also increases. As a result of the GDP per capita increasing and both the public as well the Chinese government has more to spend on education. Whenever this happens, the number of individuals seeking knowledge increases while, on the other hand, a lot of investment is carried out on education to cater for the rising need thus implying that there is great access to quality education. The focus also shifts from merely setting up facilities rather also focus on ensuring the provision of adequate tutors who are well-renumerated while hoping that this will translate to quality education. Education also plays a better part in empowering people thus may not only need to focus much on employment rather can as well come up with ventures aimed at addressing the need in society. As of now, the Chinese can easily access luxuries and the core needs because they earn enough to cater for such goods. Social structure The policies leading to Chinas economic reforms have brought about an improvement in the structure of the Chinese society, politics, social value system, and rapid advancement of its economy. Our focus will direct attention on, Chinas political development model. The point aims at finding out how it managed to realize much within a short time. Chinas political advancement will thus be studied. The growth in the economy is said to have promoted political development and political change. Chinas economic reform policy has mainly assisted the nation in an opening to the outside world. One is also likely to see how a lot of investment has been carried out in China thus leading to urbanization across China. During the transition period, people had to change the wy they thought to welcome change. Without acknowledging this, not much was likely to come about. A lot of significance was given to the transition period during which this was encouraged. Before the year 1979, the Chinese communit y was much closed. Although there was little knowledge about the socialist countries as well as the former U.S.S.R, the local people in China had no exposure to the outside world, and they knew nothing concerning the western world. Therefore, they did not dedicate themselves to working hard. As a result of reform, people realized the importance of working hard because they saw how this was going to replicate back benefits to their lives thus elevate their living standards. As a result of change, people focused more on economic matters as opposed to politics. The entrepreneurial spirit played a great role while steering growth. The spirit did not exist in the old system of economy. The social structure of China is now more diverse owing to many races from across the globe. Many cross-cultural activities also take place across China leading to mutual understanding among people as opposed to the past when foreigners treated with a lot of suspicions. Before the reform, the country had rigid and unitary social structure founded on the status system relatively fixed with a lot of dynamics like position and power. It was not connected directly to the income or even education as seen in the western societies while measuring social status. In the previous social structure of China, individuals looked for status by pursuing power through promotions to powerful positions, while income was a central determinant of status and development. During the economic reform period, there were changes in resource allocation. Social structure witnessed a transfer of resources. Resources assigned to individuals with lower position and less power according to the new economic system. T here has been a shift in the resource allocation triggering the tight relationship between skills, income, and position to a liberated element in judging the peoples status. Position and power not used in determining the relationship. Individuals can attain the status that is higher by raising their levels of income. Resource transfer The changes in resources transfer have shown the existence of independent economic interests of the objective existence. Before all these reforms, individuals were mainly educated on how to seek for common interests. If a person pursued interests that were individual-centered, he or she was prone to critique because the benefits were considered to be bad. The recent changes, however, encourage people to pursue their economic interests independently. Through investment diversification and resource transfers process. New strata and new social classes have made levels that did not exist in the previous structure such as the difference discern. Individuals are likely to express themselves by speaking what they feel, and this has resulted to the widening of the range of discussion. ;;;;;The reform has minimized the role of the Communist Party in individuals private lives. It shows how Chinese people have become free, knowing that historically they were never free as the are today. Individual freedom influenced by the work unity of danwei. All persons in the past were involved in a work unit that not only determined salaries, housing and promotions but other issues like whether they could travel or they could get married. Each workers dossier was kept in the unit; the file listed political as well as biographical information. In contrast, a significant number of individuals now are no longer engaged in the work-unit scheme, because they are personally involving themselves in businesses, or employed in foreign countries. The Chinese realized that for a person to make a living, he or she must rely on ones self to be free from the danwei. Even those still working in the work units are enjoying freedom in the highest degree. However, most Chinese in the current soci ety opt to concentrate on the future by living within the present system of the Chinese community. The reforms helped raise efficiency as compared to the past but were as a result of an introduction of profit incentives to rural collective enterprises which despite being owned by the local government managed by the principles of the market. Small private businesses, traders, foreign investors and family farms freed most enterprises from the authority interference. As a result of the stake by the state-owned enterprise, the output reduced from 56 percent of the output of the country to 40 percent, while the share common business rose to 50 percent from 42 percent, and the incentive returns of the common ventures and individual firms rose 10 percent from 2 percent. The incentives of profit have shown how they impacted the private capital market in a positive manner, as small producers and factory owners were eager to get more returns while engaging themselves in business. A remarkable productivity performance is an evidence of Chinas economic reform benefit. How did the changes work to boost the modern economy of China? Before the reforms of 1978, nearly out of five, four people in China worked in agriculture; by the year 1994, the number reduced to one person in two people. The reforms made the rights of property be expanded in the countryside and resulted in the formation of rural nonagricultural businesses. Higher prices and collectivization for the products of agricultural-led to more efficient labor use and farms that belonged to the families. The forces together made many people get out of agriculture. The village enterprises drew many people into manufacturing that had a higher value addition, making them abandon traditional farming. The 1978 post reforms gave greater autonomy to enterprise managers. It gave them freedom to set their goals on production, to use competitive prices in the market to sell their product, to make a choice on investme nt, had the authority to give bonuses to excelling workers and also they had the ability to fire the nonperforming employees. The reforms encouraged ownership of own production, and there was a creation of jobs, more consumer commodities developed, foreign trade assisted in earning of the hard currency, the state taxes were paid. It offered the nation a resilient and flexibility that was not there before. By encouraging foreign investment, the economy was only bound to grow. Cumulative investment from the foreign countries increased; these investments helped in factories construction, job creation and it made China link with the international markets. Also, significant transfer of technology was witnessed. Economic freedom boosted exports. The price reform assisted the Chinese to proceed vigilantly, offering an autonomy amount that was fair to agricultural products and consumer goods but much lower to the rest of the sectors. Poverty reduction China has 20 percent of the population in the world. As they continue becoming richer, apparently consumption rate will grow. Many businesses will attempt to vend to the Chinese market, the worlds biggest. The products will be made in the tastes and preference of the Chinese. As a result of economic growth, the country has become an economic leader in the whole world. China is also known as the worlds largest producer of steel and aluminum. The tech companies in China are becoming world-class. Huawei and Miami are two smartphone producers and number one in China. Miami has increased its exports to India and Brazil. Huawei Company is exporting to South America and Peru. Lenovo Company is also another personal computer manufacturer that is a world class. Conclusion In conclusion, the Chinese economic growth has led to many benefits compared to the drawbacks. Although China takes a unique position in the political economy of the world due to its large physical size and huge population, making it an influential globally player, it is still likely to offer great lessons to most of the developing countries. A great lesson learned is that there is a need to provide incentives to small private businesses and rural based enterprises while encouraging growth. By doing so, it is likely to support productivity able to aggravate growth. For nations with a large population who depend on agriculture, the Chinese example may be instrumental, by encouraging rural enterprises growth and not necessary focusing on industrial sectors in the urban areas. China has transferred millions of workers into factories from off farms without causing a crisis in the cities. And finally, the open-door policy in China has spurred direct investment from foreign countries thus leading to job creation and economic development. ;References Canning, D., ;Pedroni, P. (1999).Infrastructure and long-run economic growth.Consulting Assistance on Economic Reform II Discussion Paper, 57. Rivera IV, B., ;Currais, L. (1999). Economic growth and direct health impact or reverse causation?. Applied Economics Letters, 6 (11), 761-764.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Globalization and Global Governance essays

Globalization and Global Governance essays The globalization of technology has most significantly helped by making jobs, entertainment, education, safety, accessibility, more efficient and organized. One of the most prominent effects of technological advances is how much more compacted everything has become. No longer do we need a planner, a watch, access to the Internet, a calculator, an address book, a camera etc., now all these necessities are conveniently combined into one small contraption. The globalization of technology has enabled most modernized countries to live life much easier and more enjoyable through the Internet, through cellular phones or generally the inventions in digitization. As the human race is in constant intellectual competition, more and more inventions are being created to make the lives of individuals easier. As author Joseph E. Stiglitz better summarizes, Fundamentally [Globalization] is the closer integration of the countries and people of the world which has been brought about by the enormous reduction of costs of transportation and communication, and the breaking down of artificial barriers to the flows of goods, services, capital, knowledge and people across borders (Stiglitz 2003, 9). Since the twenty- first century approached, more and more individuals are using modern technology as vital tools in their everyday lives. These technological advances have been spreading at a fast pace nationwide which has improved the lives of many and will continue to do so. Anti-globalists might argue that globalization is becoming irreversible, and that technology is becoming over connected and dehumanizing. A common thought that globalization is irreversible is better described by author Thomas L. Friedman explaining: Globalization is very difficult to reverse because it is driven both by enormously powerful human aspirations for higher standards of living, and by enormously powerful technologies which are integrating us more and more every...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

E-business systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

E-business systems - Essay Example One of the most important features of the e-sales and purchase process system is the database of customers whose personal information is used to create appropriate market strategies to increase the clientele. The firms are increasing using the information to analyze customers’ psychology through the evaluation and analysis of customer database which helps one to know the changing preferences of the customers in the rapidly changing times. Analysis and identification of the changing trends of the customer requirements are important ingredients to gain leverage against their rivals. Of all the technological marvels, internet has emerged as one of the most popular medium of communication with its wide range of applications in the ever expanding and highly competitive business environment. â€Å"The Internet with its low-cost entry and ease of use quickly changed how information was exchanged and removed the distance barriers for business partners. The idea of trading on the Internet has generated great interest especially among the smallest companies, formerly excluded from EDI1 usage (Gottardi et al. 2004). It has redefined the business dynamics with its far reaching implications and has become one of the most important parts of any business strategy. Since customers are key to the success of all businesses, Sales Order Processing System and Customer relationship management have emerged as the most power tools to sustain and develop committed clientele across the globe. The essay would focus on the internet based Sales Order Processing System and would analyze the various perspectives that have significant impact on the business. Sales and purchase of items are part and parcel of daily life and efficient processing of the same is vital for good customer relationship and business growth. ‘Sales order captures demands for the firms’ product and services’ (Scott, 2004). The computerized sales and purchase facilitates creation of database of customers and